View source for COMBAT

<h3>Combat</h3>
<div>Combat is the core of ''Call of War''<nowiki/>'s gameplay and usually happens when two hostile armies meat eachother on the map, or when an army enters a foreign '''[[PROVINCES|province]]'''. Conquering provinces and fighting other armies is essential to winning the game and is encouraged. Below we will explain some of combat's basic concepts and also provide more advanced knowledge how combat results are calculated.
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<h3>Conquering provinces</h3>
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When an army enters the center point of a foreign '''[[PROVINCES|province]]''' on the map (called the ''province center''), the province is conquered and changes ownership immediately. Province centers can be guarded by stationed armies, which automatically protect the province from being conquered. When an army enters a guarded province center of a foreign nation, combat occurs. Only after the attacker wins the battle and destroys the defender, the province is conquered and changes ownership.

In the process of conquering a province the '''[[BUILDINGS|buildings]]''' in the province take damage and also the province morale is lowered severely to 25%.


Allied nations can move through eachother's provinces without the provinces being conquered. A '''[[DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS|diplomatic relation]]''' of Right of Way, Shared Map or Shared Intelligence is required for that.


If armies of multiple nations attack the same province, then the army which deals the final blow on the defending army will conquer the province. If the province is empty, then the nation which arrives first at the province conquers it.
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<h3>Combat Phases</h3>
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Combat is triggered when one army attacks another army. During combat damage is exchanged every 30 minutes, and combat cycles through the following phases:

#Calculation: The damage potential for each army is calculated based on its damage efficiency.
#Reduction: The damage potential is reduced by defence modifiers of the receiving army.
#Distribution: The reduced damage is distributed within the other army based on its army composition.
#Steps 1 to 3 are repeated after a cooldown of 30min, until one army is defeated or combat is ended otherwise.

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In '''[[GAME MODES|speed game]]''' rounds the combat cooldown can be faster, as this value refers to ingame time.
It is also possible that both armies attack each other, in which case two combat cycles with all 4 phases would happen simultaneously (as explained in the sections below), thus speeding up the resolution of the exchange.
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<h3>Entering combat</h3>
<div>Combat can be initiated differently and also play out differently depending on which '''[[UNITS|unit]]''' types are participating in the battle.</div>
<h4>Melee combat</h4>
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Melee combat (close combat) is triggered when 2 armies are within close combat range of each other on the map.

*The close combat range is 5 (game distance units).

When armies enter melee combat they are locked in combat until one side is defeated.


Melee combat is not triggered when:

*Allied armies meet.
**Allied means '''[[DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS|diplomacy relations]]''' of Right of Way, Shared Map or Shared Intelligence.
*Neutral armies (at peace) meet on sea, as long as their Fire Control settings ('''[[HIGH COMMAND|High Command]]''' feature) are set to Fire at Will, Return Fire or Hold Fire.
*One of the armies is invisible to the other army and has its fire control settings set to Return Fire or Hold Fire.

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<h4>Ranged combat</h4>
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Ranged combat is triggered when the range circle of a ranged army overlaps with the target on the map. Idling ranged armies also initiate combat automatically if an enemy army enters their attack range circle. Due to latency such ranged combat might also be triggered with a small delay.


Armies in ranged combat are not locked in battle and are free to abort the combat by moving away.


The start of ranged combat also depends on the fire control setting ('''[[HIGH COMMAND|High Command]]''' feature) of the ranged army:

#''Aggressive:'' Ranged attack is initiated if the other army is a neutral unit ('''[[DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS|diplomatic relation]]''' of peace) or an enemy. The ranged army even pauses its movement orders to attack, before continuing to its destination.
#''Offensive:'' Ranged attack is initiated if the other army is an enemy. The ranged army even pauses its movement orders to attack, before continuing to its destination.
#''Fire at Will:'' Ranged attack is initiated if the other army is an enemy and the ranged army is not moving itself.
#''Return Fire:'' Ranged attack is only initiated if the other army attacks first and the ranged army is not moving itself.
#''Hold Fire:'' Ranged attack is not initiated even when being attacked.

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<h4>Air combat</h4>
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Air combat via direct attack '''[[ARMY CONTROLS|commands]]''' results in melee combat, with the difference that both sides are not locked in combat and that the airplane returns to its airport for refueling after one combat cycle.

*Airplanes return for refueling after every direct attack.
*During its return flight the airplane cannot deviate from its course. It can still accept commands, but will only fulfill those once refueling is completed.
*If the origin airbase of the aircraft is destroyed or captured, it will check if another friendly airbase is in range. If so, the plane will return to that one to refuel. If not, it will return to its origin, while also taking 25% crash landing damage.

Another form of air combat can be triggered via the patrol command: In this mode the airplane automatically attacks all enemy units within its patrol radius, but units are not locked in combat in this mode. This means the patrol destination of a patroling airplane can also be re-positioned anytime.

*During patrols aircraft deal damage every 15min instead of the standard 30min. The damage values of both sides are reduced accordingly by 50%.
*If 2 enemy aircrafts patrol in the same area with overlapping patrol circles, they attack each other as well, while also returning defence damage to the other plane. This also occurs when the 2 patrol circles only slightly overlap eachother.

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<h4>Attacking vs. Defending</h4>
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Combat values of units change depending on the combat stance of their army: ''Attacking'' or ''Defending''. The values for both stances are listed in the unit details panel as well as in the army info panel, opened via the info button in '''[[ARMY CONTROLS|army interface]]''' after selecting an army.

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*Armies which are moving into another enemy army or which receive an attack '''[[ARMY CONTROLS|command]]''' onto another army are attacking during combat, using their attacking damage values only. This is indicated by the words 'attacking' in the army interface.
**An attacking army displays an attack indicator on the map which shows the time until the next round of attack.
**Special case: Armies which currently perform certain actions only defend and do not attack, even if they have an attack command or move command.
***These actions are: Disembarking, Embarking, Waiting, Converting, Mobilizing, Upgrading, Refueling.
*Armies which are attacked are always defending and not attacking themselves. This is indicated by the words 'defending vs.' in the army interface, as well as an defence icon dispayed on the map. Defending armies deal out damage automatically each time they are attacked, using their defensive damage values only. Thus applying defence damage is not limited to the 30min combat intervals.
**An army can only attack one other army but can defend against an unlimited number of attacking armies.
**Attacking damage and defensive damage for land or sea based fights is exchanged at the same time.
*If both armies attack each other, both armies are simultaneously attacking and defending, resulting in two combat cycles going on simultaneously.
**Defending armies however can start attacking as well, if they receive a move or attack command during combat. At that point both sides become attackers and defenders. This cannot be reverted.
*Armies with ranged '''[[UNITS|units]]''' are always attacking when bombarding another army. This is indicated by the words “bombarding” in the army interface. The bombarded army is not defending, which is indicated by the words “bombarded by” in the army interface. If 2 ranged armies attack each other, both are attacking but not defending, only using their attacking damage values.
*Airplanes are always attacking when fighting via direct attack command or patrol command. The attacked army is always only defending. 
**Armies attacked by airplanes always deal out their defensive damage first before the attacking damage of the airplane is dealt out, giving defenders a small advantage.

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<h4>Combat Intervals</h4>
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'''Melee & ranged attacks:''' 

Once every 30 minutes the attacking army attacks the defending army. Attacking damage is applied to the defender and defending damage is applied to the attacker simultaneously.

*In '''[[GAME MODES|speed scenarios]]''' the cooldown is shorter.
*If both armies attack each other, then there are 2 combat cycles happening at the same time, meaning that combat will be over twice as fast.
*When the target army is destroyed in one hit, then the attack cooldown is reduced to 1 minute for the attacking army, meaning it can attack and deal damage to another army 1 minute later.

'''Direct air attacks:''' 

The time between aircraft attacks varies based on the map distance between target and airfield as well as the airplane speed.

'''Air patrol:'''

Every 15 minutes the patrolling aircraft deals 50% of its attack damage to all enemy '''[[UNITS|units]]''' within its patrol radius, and receives 50% of their defence damage in return.

*In speed maps the cooldown is shorter.
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<h3>Combat calculation</h3>
<div>The combat calculation always follows these steps:

#Sum up the damage potential of the army against each armor class.
#Increase or reduce damage value with a random factor between -20% and +20%.
#Lower the damage potential based on the army's damage efficiency.
#Deal out damage value to enemy army (the order depends on the combat type).
#Reduce the received damage value based on the enemy army's protection value.
#Distribute reduced damage value to '''[[UNITS|units]]''' in enemy army based on army composition.
#Reduce hitpoints of units or destroy units based on amount of distributed damage.
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<h4>Damage potential</h4>
<div>[[File:Armyinfo popup1.png|thumb|543x543px]]For the attacking army its ''attack'' ''damage potential'' against all armor classes is calculated.
 
For the defending army its ''defence damage potential'' against all armor classes is calculated. 
  
The damage potential is an indicator how much damage the army could deal against each armor class in an ideal scenario. The final damage however depends on the enemy army composition and damage reduction modifiers (see sections below).
  
The damage potential is calculated by multiplying the base damage values of the '''[[UNITS|unit type]]''' with the unit amount, the terrain modifiers, the home defence bonus and the damage efficiency (see section below). 

*The '''[[TERRAIN|Terrain]]''' bonus influences the damage potential of a unit type. Each unit type has different terrain bonuses, which can be seen in the unit details panel (click on unit icon in army interface).
*The Home Defence bonus influences the damage potential as well. It grants a 15% bonus in damage potential to armies which are located in a core province of their own nation, in addition to a 15% bonus in damage reduction.

The damage potential against each armor class is listed in the army info popup, which can be accessed via the info button in the '''[[ARMY CONTROLS|army interface]]'''. The damage potential values displayed in this list are already reduced by the damage efficiency.


The damage potential is also increased or reduced by a random value between -20% and +20%, in order to simulate altering circumstances on the battle field. This random factor is rolled again with each combat round.
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<h4>Damage efficiency</h4>
<div>[[File:Armyinfo popup2.png|thumb|543x543px]]The damage potential of an army is influenced by its damage efficiency. Without any reduction the damage efficiency is 100%, but it can be affected by several factors:

*Lost hitpoints: 
**The damage efficiency is based on the current percentage of the '''[[UNITS|unit’s]]''' hitpoints (health). At maximum hitpoints the damage efficiency is not lowered, while near 0% health the damage efficiency is lowered to 20%. Between the minimum and maximum health value a linear curve is used to determine the efficiency.
*Army size efficiency: 
**When more than 10 units are part of an army, the damage efficiency of the army is reduced, because not all units are participating in the fight.
**Only the 10 strongest attack and defence damage values against each armor class are used in combat. The unused damage values determine the loss in efficiency.
***As an example: If an army consists of 10 Anti Air units and 5 Infantry, then the damage values of 10 Anti Air are used when fighting against air targets, while the damage values of 5 Infantry and 5 Anti Air will be used when fighting against unarmored targets
**When an army of more than 10 units needs to be assembled, the efficiency loss can be reduced by mixing units together which are most effective against different armor classes.


The damage efficiency for each armor class is listed in the army info popup, which can be accessed via the info button in the '''[[ARMY CONTROLS|army interface]]'''. This value is multiplied with the base damage value against each armor class and results in the damage potential values to the left. 
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<h4>Damage exchange order</h4>
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The order in which damage is exchanged and afterwards distributed and applied depends on the combat type:
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[[File:Melee combat.png|thumb|400x400px]]

*For melee land & sea battles:
**The attack damage is applied at the same time as the defence damage.
***This means that damage efficiency reduction due to lost hitpoints happens after the damage of that combat round was applied, so no side is at an disadvantage. It can even happen that both armies are destroyed at the same time in the last combat round.
**If both armies attack each other and thus trigger 2 parallel combat cycles, one combat cycle can start a fraction of a second earlier than the second combat cycle. 
***This means that one of the armies may apply its attack damage milliseconds before the other army’s attack damage due to latency, but defence damage is still applied at the same time as attack damage.
***Usually the army which received an active command triggers its combat cycle first.

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<div>[[File:Rangedcombat.png|thumb|400x400px]]

*For ranged land & sea battles one of the ranged armies can be attacking a fraction of a second earlier than the other ranged army reacts due to latency, dealing its attack damage first and thus reducing the damage efficiency of the enemy before they counter attack.
**Usually the army which received an active command triggers its combat cycle slightly earlier.

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<div>[[File:Aircombat.png|thumb|400x400px]]

*For attacks or patrols by aircrafts against any '''[[UNITS|unit type]]''', the defence damage of the defender is applied to the attacker before the attack damage of the attacker is applied to the defender, no matter if the defender is a ground or air unit. This means that the damage efficiency of the aircraft can get reduced already before it is able to deal out its attack damage to the defender.

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<h4>Damage reduction</h4>
<div>[[File:Armyinfo popup protection.png|thumb|400x400px]]

The calculated damage is reduced before being applied to the receiving army, if one of the following criteria is met:

*The target army is standing in a province center where friendly fortifications or bunkers exist.
**The amount of damage reduction depends on the building level and increases per level.
*The target army is fighting in its own core provinces, which triggers the Home Defence bonus.
**The Home Defence bonus grants the army a 15% bonus in damage reduction, in addition to a 15% bonus in damage potential.

The percentage value of the protection is multiplied with the incoming damage values to determine the reduced damage values.  

More information on the current damage reduction can be seen in the protection tab in the army info popup, which can be accessed via the info button in the '''[[ARMY CONTROLS|army interface]]'''. 
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<h4>Damage distribution</h4>
<div>[[File:Armyinfo popup3.png|thumb|543x543px]]The final damage values for each armor class are distributed and applied to the target army based on the target army’s composition.

*The army composition is determined by the amount of '''[[ARMY CONTROLS|units]]''' per armor class.
*If for example the target army consists of 4 Heavy Tanks (heavy armor), 2 Infantry (unarmored) and 4 Militia (unarmored), the damage distribution for this army is 40% heavy armor and 60% unarmored.

The incoming damage values for each armor class are multiplied by the target’s damage distribution percentages for each armor class to determine how much damage each armor class in the target army receives. 

*If for example the incoming damage is 100 against heavy armor and 200 against unarmored, the 4 heavy armored units of the example army mentioned above receive 40 damage (100 * 40%), while the 6 unarmored units receive 120 damage (200 * 60%).

Within each armor class, each unit type of that armor class receives the same share of damage. 

*In the example army mentioned above the 2 Infantry receive 60 damage (50% of the 120 unarmored damage) and the 4 Militias also receive 60 damage (50% of the 120 unarmored damage).

The damage distribution for each armor class is listed in the army info popup, which can be accessed via the info button in the '''[[ARMY CONTROLS|army interface]]'''. Reminder: The damage distribution column in this table only refers to the distribution of incoming damage, not the distribution of outgoing damage. Therefore this column has to be checked for the enemy army, while the first 2 column have to be checked for the own army to estimate the damage dealt in combat. 

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<h4>Reducing hitpoint and destroying units</h4>
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The last phase of a combat round is the distribution of the damage to the various '''[[UNITS|unit types]]''' within the army (see damage distribution above). The incoming damage is then spread evenly among units of the same type.


When damage is applied, there is a check if units of that unit type are destroyed. Units can be destroyed once the hitpoints for the whole unit type drop below 50%.

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*Below 50% hitpoints a unit being destroyed depends on the amount of incoming damage compared to the remaining hitpoints of each unit within the unit type. If the incoming damage exceeds the remaining hitpoints of one or more units, one or more units are destroyed.
*Example:
**5 Light Tanks are part of an army and have a maximum of 20 hitpoints each, for a combined hitpoint total of 100.
**During battle the Light Tank unit type drops to 50% health, meaning 50 hitpoints in total and 10 hitpoints per unit remain.
**The army is attacked again with an attack damage of 9. 9 damage is not enough to kill one of the Light Tanks, who each still have 10 hitpoints remaining, therefore no unit dies. The hitpoint total drops to 41, each of the 5 Light Tanks now has 8.2 health left.
**The army is attacked again with an attack damage of 9. This damage now exceeds the remaining hitpoints of one Light Tank. Therefore one Light Tank is destroyed. The total hitpoint amount now drops to 32, with each of the 4 remaining Light Tanks having 8 hitpoints left. This goes on until all Light Tanks are destroyed.
***The next attack with 9 damage therefore would again result in 1 Light Tank being destroyed.
***If the incoming damage would be twice as high, two Light Tanks would have been destroyed in that combat round, since 18 damage exceeded the remaining health of 2 Light Tanks.

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